https://sam.ensam.eu:443 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Wed, 11 Mar 2026 09:40:19 GMT 2026-03-11T09:40:19Z http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15827 Effect of shoulder model complexity in upper-body kinematics analysis of the golf swing BOURGAIN, Maxime; HYBOIS, Samuel; THOREUX, Patricia; ROUILLON, Olivier; SAURET, Christophe; ROUCH, Philippe The golf swing is a complex full body movement during which the spine and shoulders are highly involved. In order to determine shoulder kinematics during this movement, multibody kinematics optimization (MKO) can be recommended to limit the effect of the soft tissue artifact and to avoid joint dislocations or bone penetration in reconstructed kinematics. Classically, in golf biomechanics research, the shoulder is represented by a 3 degrees-of-freedom model representing the glenohumeral joint. More complex and physiological models are already provided in the scientific literature. Particularly, the model used in this study was a full body model and also described motions of clavicles and scapulae. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of utilizing a more complex and physiological shoulder model when studying the golf swing. Results obtained on 20 golfers showed that a more complex and physiologically-accurate model can more efficiently track experimental markers, which resulted in differences in joint kinematics. Hence, the model with 3 degrees-of-freedom between the humerus and the thorax may be inadequate when combined with MKO and a more physiological model would be beneficial. Finally, results would also be improved through a subject-specific approach for the determination of the segment lengths. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15827 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z BOURGAIN, Maxime HYBOIS, Samuel THOREUX, Patricia ROUILLON, Olivier SAURET, Christophe ROUCH, Philippe The golf swing is a complex full body movement during which the spine and shoulders are highly involved. In order to determine shoulder kinematics during this movement, multibody kinematics optimization (MKO) can be recommended to limit the effect of the soft tissue artifact and to avoid joint dislocations or bone penetration in reconstructed kinematics. Classically, in golf biomechanics research, the shoulder is represented by a 3 degrees-of-freedom model representing the glenohumeral joint. More complex and physiological models are already provided in the scientific literature. Particularly, the model used in this study was a full body model and also described motions of clavicles and scapulae. This study aimed at quantifying the effect of utilizing a more complex and physiological shoulder model when studying the golf swing. Results obtained on 20 golfers showed that a more complex and physiologically-accurate model can more efficiently track experimental markers, which resulted in differences in joint kinematics. Hence, the model with 3 degrees-of-freedom between the humerus and the thorax may be inadequate when combined with MKO and a more physiological model would be beneficial. Finally, results would also be improved through a subject-specific approach for the determination of the segment lengths. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15835 Comparison of shoulder kinematic chain models and their influence on kinematics and kinetics in the study of manual wheelchair propulsion HYBOIS, Samuel; PUCHAUD, Pierre; BOURGAIN, Maxime; LOMBART, Antoine; BASCOU, Joseph; LAVASTE, François; FODÉ, Pascale; SAURET, Christophe; PILLET, Helene Several kinematic chains of the upper limbs have been designed in musculoskeletal models to investi- gate various upper extremity activities, including manual wheelchair propulsion. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of an ellipsoid mobilizer formulation to describe the motion of the scapu- lothoracic joint with respect to regression-based models on shoulder kinematics, shoulder kinetics and computational time, during manual wheelchair propulsion activities. Ten subjects, familiar with manual wheelchair propulsion, were equipped with reflective markers and performed start-up and propulsion cycles with an instrumented field wheelchair. Kinematic data obtained from the optoelectronic system and kinetic data measured by the sensors on the wheelchair were processed using the OpenSim software with three shoulder joint modeling versions (ellipsoid mobilizer, regression equations or fixed scapula) of an upper-limb musculoskeletal model. As expected, the results obtained with the three versions of the model varied, for both segment kinematics and shoulder kinetics. With respect to the model based on regression equations, the model describing the scapulothoracic joint as an ellipsoid could capture the kinematics of the upper limbs with higher fidelity. In addition, the mobilizer formulation allowed to com- pute consistent shoulder moments at a low computer processing cost. Further developments should be made to allow a subject-specific definition of the kinematic chain. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15835 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z HYBOIS, Samuel PUCHAUD, Pierre BOURGAIN, Maxime LOMBART, Antoine BASCOU, Joseph LAVASTE, François FODÉ, Pascale SAURET, Christophe PILLET, Helene Several kinematic chains of the upper limbs have been designed in musculoskeletal models to investi- gate various upper extremity activities, including manual wheelchair propulsion. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of an ellipsoid mobilizer formulation to describe the motion of the scapu- lothoracic joint with respect to regression-based models on shoulder kinematics, shoulder kinetics and computational time, during manual wheelchair propulsion activities. Ten subjects, familiar with manual wheelchair propulsion, were equipped with reflective markers and performed start-up and propulsion cycles with an instrumented field wheelchair. Kinematic data obtained from the optoelectronic system and kinetic data measured by the sensors on the wheelchair were processed using the OpenSim software with three shoulder joint modeling versions (ellipsoid mobilizer, regression equations or fixed scapula) of an upper-limb musculoskeletal model. As expected, the results obtained with the three versions of the model varied, for both segment kinematics and shoulder kinetics. With respect to the model based on regression equations, the model describing the scapulothoracic joint as an ellipsoid could capture the kinematics of the upper limbs with higher fidelity. In addition, the mobilizer formulation allowed to com- pute consistent shoulder moments at a low computer processing cost. Further developments should be made to allow a subject-specific definition of the kinematic chain. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/26561 Recurrent Neural Networks model for injury prevention within a professional rugby union club: a proof of concept over one season DUFFULER, Maxence; BOURGAIN, Maxime; HADDAD, Zehira; HERAUD, Renaud; BLANCHARD, Sylvain; ROUCH, Philippe Background In professional rugby, injury prevention and player availability are major challenges. Sports analytics use data from trainings and matches to address these issues. This study leveraged comprehensive daily data from a professional rugby club to predict players' readiness for training. Using this metric helped assess its effectiveness in predicting intrinsic injuries and improving injury prevention strategies. Methods Models including logistic regression, decision trees, and Long Short-Term Memory-based neural networks, were evaluated for their predictive accuracy and ability to discern patterns indicative of injury risks or readiness for physical activities. Findings The study demonstrated that long-short term memory and convolutional one-dimension models outperform traditional machine learning methods in analyzing players' physical conditions. This approach may support earlier identification of injury risks and inform workload management. Using model evaluation and interpretability techniques, including Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) module, the study provided a framework for sports scientists, coaches, and medical staff to mitigate injury risks and optimize training sessions. Interpretation As a preliminary exploration, this study paves the way for further research into the integration of machine learning and neural networks in sports science, promising transformative impacts on injury prevention strategies in rugby. Sun, 01 Jun 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/26561 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z DUFFULER, Maxence BOURGAIN, Maxime HADDAD, Zehira HERAUD, Renaud BLANCHARD, Sylvain ROUCH, Philippe Background In professional rugby, injury prevention and player availability are major challenges. Sports analytics use data from trainings and matches to address these issues. This study leveraged comprehensive daily data from a professional rugby club to predict players' readiness for training. Using this metric helped assess its effectiveness in predicting intrinsic injuries and improving injury prevention strategies. Methods Models including logistic regression, decision trees, and Long Short-Term Memory-based neural networks, were evaluated for their predictive accuracy and ability to discern patterns indicative of injury risks or readiness for physical activities. Findings The study demonstrated that long-short term memory and convolutional one-dimension models outperform traditional machine learning methods in analyzing players' physical conditions. This approach may support earlier identification of injury risks and inform workload management. Using model evaluation and interpretability techniques, including Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) module, the study provided a framework for sports scientists, coaches, and medical staff to mitigate injury risks and optimize training sessions. Interpretation As a preliminary exploration, this study paves the way for further research into the integration of machine learning and neural networks in sports science, promising transformative impacts on injury prevention strategies in rugby. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17424 Biomechanical analysis of the golf swing: methodological effect of angular velocity component on the identification of the kinematic sequence MARSAN, Thibault; THOREUX, Patricia; BOURGAIN, Maxime; ROUILLON, Olivier; SAURET, Christophe; ROUCH, Philippe The golf swing is a complex whole-body motion for which a proximal-to-distal transfer of the segmental angular velocitiesfrom the pelvis to the club is believed to be optimal for maximizing the club head linear velocity. However, previous experimental resultsabout such timing (or kinematic sequence) are contradictory. Nevertheless, methods that were used in these studies differed significantly,in particular, those regarding the component of the angular velocity vector selected for the identification of the kinematic sequence.Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of angular velocity vector component selection on the identified kinematicsequence. Methods: Thirteen golfers participated in this study and performed driver swings in a motion capture laboratory. Seven meth-ods based on different component selection of segmental angular velocities (vector norm, component normal-to-sagittal, frontal, trans-versal and swing planes, segment longitudinal component and a method mixing longitudinal and swing plane components) were tested.Results: Results showed the critical influence of the component chosen to identify the kinematic sequence with almost as many kine-matic sequences as the number of tested methods for every golfer. Conclusion: One method seems to show the strongest correlation toperformance but none of them can be assessed as a reference method for the identification of the golf swing kinematic sequence. Re-garding the limited time lag between the different peak occurrences and the uncertainty sources of current materials, development ofsimulation studies would be more suitable to identify the optimal kinematic sequence for the golf swing Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17424 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z MARSAN, Thibault THOREUX, Patricia BOURGAIN, Maxime ROUILLON, Olivier SAURET, Christophe ROUCH, Philippe The golf swing is a complex whole-body motion for which a proximal-to-distal transfer of the segmental angular velocitiesfrom the pelvis to the club is believed to be optimal for maximizing the club head linear velocity. However, previous experimental resultsabout such timing (or kinematic sequence) are contradictory. Nevertheless, methods that were used in these studies differed significantly,in particular, those regarding the component of the angular velocity vector selected for the identification of the kinematic sequence.Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of angular velocity vector component selection on the identified kinematicsequence. Methods: Thirteen golfers participated in this study and performed driver swings in a motion capture laboratory. Seven meth-ods based on different component selection of segmental angular velocities (vector norm, component normal-to-sagittal, frontal, trans-versal and swing planes, segment longitudinal component and a method mixing longitudinal and swing plane components) were tested.Results: Results showed the critical influence of the component chosen to identify the kinematic sequence with almost as many kine-matic sequences as the number of tested methods for every golfer. Conclusion: One method seems to show the strongest correlation toperformance but none of them can be assessed as a reference method for the identification of the golf swing kinematic sequence. Re-garding the limited time lag between the different peak occurrences and the uncertainty sources of current materials, development ofsimulation studies would be more suitable to identify the optimal kinematic sequence for the golf swing http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15824 Determination of the intervertebral spinal axial rotation in a golf player population: a preliminary study PRUM, Grégoire; BOURGAIN, Maxime; SAURET, Christophe; ROUILLON, Olivier; THOREUX, Patricia; ROUCH, Philippe No abstract available Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15824 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z PRUM, Grégoire BOURGAIN, Maxime SAURET, Christophe ROUILLON, Olivier THOREUX, Patricia ROUCH, Philippe No abstract available http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15823 Contribution of vertical and horizontal components of ground reaction forces on global motor moment during a golf swing: a preliminary study BOURGAIN, Maxime; SAURET, Christophe; ROUILLON, Olivier; THOREUX, Patricia; ROUCH, Philippe No abstract available Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15823 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z BOURGAIN, Maxime SAURET, Christophe ROUILLON, Olivier THOREUX, Patricia ROUCH, Philippe No abstract available http://hdl.handle.net/10985/20318 Evaluation of Physical Interaction during Walker-Assisted Gait with the AGoRA Walker: Strategies Based on Virtual Mechanical Stiffness SIERRA M, Sergio D.; MUNERA, Marcela; PROVOT, Thomas; BOURGAIN, Maxime; CIFUENTES, Carlos A. Smart walkers are commonly used as potential gait assistance devices, to provide physical and cognitive assistance within rehabilitation and clinical scenarios. To understand such rehabilitation processes, several biomechanical studies have been conducted to assess human gait with passive and active walkers. Several sessions were conducted with 11 healthy volunteers to assess three interaction strategies based on passive, low and high mechanical stiffness values on the AGoRA Smart Walker. The trials were carried out in a motion analysis laboratory. Kinematic data were also collected from the smart walker sensory interface. The interaction force between users and the device was recorded. The force required under passive and low stiffness modes was 56.66% and 67.48% smaller than the high stiffness mode, respectively. An increase of 17.03% for the hip range of motion, as well as the highest trunk’s inclination, were obtained under the resistive mode, suggesting a compensating motion to exert a higher impulse force on the device. Kinematic and physical interaction data suggested that the high stiffness mode significantly affected the users’ gait pattern. Results suggested that users compensated their kinematics, tilting their trunk and lower limbs to exert higher impulse forces on the device. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/20318 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z SIERRA M, Sergio D. MUNERA, Marcela PROVOT, Thomas BOURGAIN, Maxime CIFUENTES, Carlos A. Smart walkers are commonly used as potential gait assistance devices, to provide physical and cognitive assistance within rehabilitation and clinical scenarios. To understand such rehabilitation processes, several biomechanical studies have been conducted to assess human gait with passive and active walkers. Several sessions were conducted with 11 healthy volunteers to assess three interaction strategies based on passive, low and high mechanical stiffness values on the AGoRA Smart Walker. The trials were carried out in a motion analysis laboratory. Kinematic data were also collected from the smart walker sensory interface. The interaction force between users and the device was recorded. The force required under passive and low stiffness modes was 56.66% and 67.48% smaller than the high stiffness mode, respectively. An increase of 17.03% for the hip range of motion, as well as the highest trunk’s inclination, were obtained under the resistive mode, suggesting a compensating motion to exert a higher impulse force on the device. Kinematic and physical interaction data suggested that the high stiffness mode significantly affected the users’ gait pattern. Results suggested that users compensated their kinematics, tilting their trunk and lower limbs to exert higher impulse forces on the device. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19475 Influence of the projection plane and the markers choice on the X-factor computation of the golf swing X-factor: a case study BOURGAIN, Maxime; SAURET, Christophe; MARSAN, Thibault; PEREZ, M. J.; ROUILLON, Olivier; THOREUX, Patricia; ROUCH, Philippe Study of variability induced by the methology choice on the X-factor computation of the golf swing. Based on optoelectronic measurements. Variability of the choice of upper limb, plane of projection and instant of computation. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19475 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z BOURGAIN, Maxime SAURET, Christophe MARSAN, Thibault PEREZ, M. J. ROUILLON, Olivier THOREUX, Patricia ROUCH, Philippe Study of variability induced by the methology choice on the X-factor computation of the golf swing. Based on optoelectronic measurements. Variability of the choice of upper limb, plane of projection and instant of computation. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19476 Variability of motor moment during golf swing: study of a female professional player BOURGAIN, Maxime; PROVOT, Thomas; SAURET, Christophe; VALDES-TAMAYO, Laura; ROUILLON, Olivier; THOREUX, Patricia; ROUCH, Philippe Study of th intra-individual variability of the motor moment during the golf swing. It highlighted the variability induced by horizontal ground reaction forces which are rarely taken into account in field. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19476 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z BOURGAIN, Maxime PROVOT, Thomas SAURET, Christophe VALDES-TAMAYO, Laura ROUILLON, Olivier THOREUX, Patricia ROUCH, Philippe Study of th intra-individual variability of the motor moment during the golf swing. It highlighted the variability induced by horizontal ground reaction forces which are rarely taken into account in field. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/26962 Geometrical comparison between instrumented and non-instrumented mouthguards for rugby: A pilot study BOURGAIN, Maxime; VALDES-TAMAYO, Laura; GEY, Louis; CHABRE, Claude; LAPORTE, Sébastien; RIGNON-BRET, Christophe; TAPIE, Laurent; POISSON, PHILIPPE; ROUCH, Philippe; BLANCHARD, Sylvain Rugby is a sport with a high injury rate. Much has been done to make the sport safer, particularly in terms of limiting and identifying concussions. Recently, instrumented mouthguards have been developed and used to measure events that may lead to concussion. However, these instrumented mouthguards may not have an appropriate geometry regarding shock absorption and comfort. In addition, there is no specific international standard for instrumented mouthguards. This study proposed a geometric analysis of both instrumented and non-instrumented mouthguards. Ten instrumented mouthguards were analysed and compared with three non-instrumented mouthguards. They were inspected visually, with a 3D envelope scan and with a CT scan. The results showed that the mouthguards did not comply with recommendations such as indentation with the lower teeth which may increase injury or fracture risk. Fri, 26 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/26962 2025-09-26T00:00:00Z BOURGAIN, Maxime VALDES-TAMAYO, Laura GEY, Louis CHABRE, Claude LAPORTE, Sébastien RIGNON-BRET, Christophe TAPIE, Laurent POISSON, PHILIPPE ROUCH, Philippe BLANCHARD, Sylvain Rugby is a sport with a high injury rate. Much has been done to make the sport safer, particularly in terms of limiting and identifying concussions. Recently, instrumented mouthguards have been developed and used to measure events that may lead to concussion. However, these instrumented mouthguards may not have an appropriate geometry regarding shock absorption and comfort. In addition, there is no specific international standard for instrumented mouthguards. This study proposed a geometric analysis of both instrumented and non-instrumented mouthguards. Ten instrumented mouthguards were analysed and compared with three non-instrumented mouthguards. They were inspected visually, with a 3D envelope scan and with a CT scan. The results showed that the mouthguards did not comply with recommendations such as indentation with the lower teeth which may increase injury or fracture risk.