https://sam.ensam.eu:443 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Thu, 14 May 2026 09:55:21 GMT 2026-05-14T09:55:21Z http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19118 End-of-Life in industry 4.0: Ignored as before? RAHMAN, S.M. Mizanur; PERRY, Nicolas; MÜLLER, Julian M.; KIM, Junbeum; LARATTE, Bertrand Industry 4.0, indicating a fourth industrial revolution, is based on three basic forms of integration through digital technologies: Horizontal interconnection across the supply chain, vertical interconnection across functional departments, and end-to-end engineering from product development to recycling. By gathering, transmitting, and analyzing data throughout these three forms of integration, several benefits are anticipated for industrial value creation. Relating to the Triple Bottom Line of sustainability, economic, ecological, and social benefits are targeted by Industry 4.0. Extant research on Industry 4.0 has begun to investigate the technological developments from an economic perspective, while the understanding of ecological and social aspects of Industry 4.0 is considerably less understood. Further, entire supply chains, or end-to-end processes have been considered less so far, despite necessary for unlocking the entire benefits of Industry 4.0, especially in an ecological and social regard. Developing the concept of Industry 4.0 towards the idea of a Circular Economy requires to better consider downstream aspects, while benefits are mostly investigated for upstream processes so far, especially towards the End-of-Life (EOL) and recycling of products. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19118 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z RAHMAN, S.M. Mizanur PERRY, Nicolas MÜLLER, Julian M. KIM, Junbeum LARATTE, Bertrand Industry 4.0, indicating a fourth industrial revolution, is based on three basic forms of integration through digital technologies: Horizontal interconnection across the supply chain, vertical interconnection across functional departments, and end-to-end engineering from product development to recycling. By gathering, transmitting, and analyzing data throughout these three forms of integration, several benefits are anticipated for industrial value creation. Relating to the Triple Bottom Line of sustainability, economic, ecological, and social benefits are targeted by Industry 4.0. Extant research on Industry 4.0 has begun to investigate the technological developments from an economic perspective, while the understanding of ecological and social aspects of Industry 4.0 is considerably less understood. Further, entire supply chains, or end-to-end processes have been considered less so far, despite necessary for unlocking the entire benefits of Industry 4.0, especially in an ecological and social regard. Developing the concept of Industry 4.0 towards the idea of a Circular Economy requires to better consider downstream aspects, while benefits are mostly investigated for upstream processes so far, especially towards the End-of-Life (EOL) and recycling of products. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19236 Disruption in Circularity? Impact analysis of COVID-19 on ship recycling using Weibull tonnage estimation and scenario analysis method RAHMAN, S.M. Mizanur; KIM, Junbeum; LARATTE, Bertrand The sustainability of the ship recycling industry strongly linked with the global shipping market and international commodity flows. More than 80% of the End of Life (EoL) ships are dismantled in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Due to measures taken to minimize the propagation of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an international supply chain is broken to a historic low, except for certain medical-related urgencies. Due to the disruption of global supply chains, the industry may submerge into uncertainty due to, perhaps, lack of adequate labor force to dismantle increased EoL ships and due to disturbances of vessel transportation to the recycling nations amid strong precautionary measures. Our estimate suggests that about 300 million Gross Tonnage (GT) available for demolition in the next five years and the inability to get them recycled would cost about 20 billion dollars. More importantly, South Asian recycling nations would suffer from economic losses and employment opportunities. In this study, we also apply a scenario analysis technique to understand the impact range of COVID-19 in the short term and in the long term. The disruption is viewed through a circular economy framework, identifying a critical lack of ‘global scale’ acknowledgment in the circular economy framework. This article suggests that a formalized global scale, paralleled with favorable policies, may reduce supply chain disruption and improve sustainable development in the receiving nations. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19236 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z RAHMAN, S.M. Mizanur KIM, Junbeum LARATTE, Bertrand The sustainability of the ship recycling industry strongly linked with the global shipping market and international commodity flows. More than 80% of the End of Life (EoL) ships are dismantled in South Asian countries, namely Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Due to measures taken to minimize the propagation of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an international supply chain is broken to a historic low, except for certain medical-related urgencies. Due to the disruption of global supply chains, the industry may submerge into uncertainty due to, perhaps, lack of adequate labor force to dismantle increased EoL ships and due to disturbances of vessel transportation to the recycling nations amid strong precautionary measures. Our estimate suggests that about 300 million Gross Tonnage (GT) available for demolition in the next five years and the inability to get them recycled would cost about 20 billion dollars. More importantly, South Asian recycling nations would suffer from economic losses and employment opportunities. In this study, we also apply a scenario analysis technique to understand the impact range of COVID-19 in the short term and in the long term. The disruption is viewed through a circular economy framework, identifying a critical lack of ‘global scale’ acknowledgment in the circular economy framework. This article suggests that a formalized global scale, paralleled with favorable policies, may reduce supply chain disruption and improve sustainable development in the receiving nations.