https://sam.ensam.eu:443 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Mon, 13 Jul 2026 06:09:01 GMT 2026-07-13T06:09:01Z http://hdl.handle.net/10985/10157 Caractérisation en conception générale et détaillée du niveau de risque d'un équipement de travail DE GALVEZ, Nicholas; AMARA, Marwa; MARSOT, Jacques; MARTIN, Patrick; BAUDOUIN, Cyrille Cette communication présente une nouvelle approche de caractérisation du niveau de risque d’un équipement de travail en phase de conception architecturale et détaillée pour les PME. A partir du paradigme que les phénomènes dangereux peuvent être associés à la présence d’énergie, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude exploratoire qui met en œuvre le Modèle Fonctionnel Energétique (MFE). Après un rappel de ce dernier, nous présenterons son intérêt et ses limites vis-à-vis de notre problématique. Ces travaux s’intègrent dans le cadre d’une thèse réalisée au sein du laboratoire « mixte » INRS - ENSAM. Ces travaux s’intègrent dans le cadre d’une thèse réalisée au sein du laboratoire « mixte » INRS - ENSAM. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/10157 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z DE GALVEZ, Nicholas AMARA, Marwa MARSOT, Jacques MARTIN, Patrick BAUDOUIN, Cyrille Cette communication présente une nouvelle approche de caractérisation du niveau de risque d’un équipement de travail en phase de conception architecturale et détaillée pour les PME. A partir du paradigme que les phénomènes dangereux peuvent être associés à la présence d’énergie, nous présentons les résultats d’une étude exploratoire qui met en œuvre le Modèle Fonctionnel Energétique (MFE). Après un rappel de ce dernier, nous présenterons son intérêt et ses limites vis-à-vis de notre problématique. Ces travaux s’intègrent dans le cadre d’une thèse réalisée au sein du laboratoire « mixte » INRS - ENSAM. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17176 New Issues for Workers Safety in the Factory of the Future MARTIN, Patrick; MARSOT, Jacques; DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno; GODOT, Xavier; ABBA, Gabriel; GOMEZ-ECHEVERRI, Juan-Camilo; SIADAT, Ali Human in the factory is one of the main themes of the Factory of the Future, in this context the aim of this paper is to present the new issues for workers safety and the in-tegrated design concepts or methodologies which have to be taking into account. New paradigms come into being: the uncertainty of the demand in terms of products as well as production rate, product customization, integration product / service, the man-ufacturing processes are not fixed, so the manufacturing times cannot be foreseen, re-configuration of machine tools as manufacturing systems, space organization, auto-organization, planning …, new technologies are implemented: robots, plug and play devices, virtual / augmented reality, sensors, OPC standards, connected objects,… Several tasks are performed by the workers, the robots or in collaboration. The work-ers are place in the center of the Factory of the future but this concept introduce haz-ard events, problems of health and safety (physical or cognitive tasks, fatigue, stress, space or time organization, interfaces Human- robot, to take into account of the dif-ferent life situations…). So the aim of the paper is to present studies carrying out in order to propose to the machine or manufacturing systems designers as well as pro-duction managers structured methods, models, tools in order to get safe working sit-uations in the frame of the factory of the future paradigm. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17176 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z MARTIN, Patrick MARSOT, Jacques DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno GODOT, Xavier ABBA, Gabriel GOMEZ-ECHEVERRI, Juan-Camilo SIADAT, Ali Human in the factory is one of the main themes of the Factory of the Future, in this context the aim of this paper is to present the new issues for workers safety and the in-tegrated design concepts or methodologies which have to be taking into account. New paradigms come into being: the uncertainty of the demand in terms of products as well as production rate, product customization, integration product / service, the man-ufacturing processes are not fixed, so the manufacturing times cannot be foreseen, re-configuration of machine tools as manufacturing systems, space organization, auto-organization, planning …, new technologies are implemented: robots, plug and play devices, virtual / augmented reality, sensors, OPC standards, connected objects,… Several tasks are performed by the workers, the robots or in collaboration. The work-ers are place in the center of the Factory of the future but this concept introduce haz-ard events, problems of health and safety (physical or cognitive tasks, fatigue, stress, space or time organization, interfaces Human- robot, to take into account of the dif-ferent life situations…). So the aim of the paper is to present studies carrying out in order to propose to the machine or manufacturing systems designers as well as pro-duction managers structured methods, models, tools in order to get safe working sit-uations in the frame of the factory of the future paradigm. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19756 Industrie du futur : aide à l'identification des phénomènes dangereux lors de la conception de machines flexibles DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno; MARSOT, Jacques; MARTIN, Patrick Les concepteurs de machines industrielles doivent légalement évaluer les risques qu’elles présentent, ce qui passe obligatoirement par l’identification des phénomènes dangereux mis en jeu. Pour les aider dans cette tâche, le modèle EZID (Energy analysis for systematic haZard Identification during Design) a été imaginé. Celui-ci se base sur le postulat suivant : les phénomènes dangereux n’existent qu’en présence d’énergies. Dans ce cas, identifier les phénomènes dangereux revient à suivre les flux d’énergies entrants dans la machine, transmis d’un élément à l’autre, diffusés ou transformés. Si la pertinence de ce modèle a été montrée dans le cadre de la conception d’une machine spéciale mono tâche, qu’en est-il lorsqu’il est appliqué sur des machines flexibles répondant au paradigme de l’industrie du futur ? C’est à cette question que tente de répondre cet article. Pour ce faire, la méthode EZID a été appliquée à un cas réel de conception d’un îlot de fabrication flexible. Les résultats sont également comparés à ceux obtenus avec une méthode classique d’identification des phénomènes dangereux. Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19756 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno MARSOT, Jacques MARTIN, Patrick Les concepteurs de machines industrielles doivent légalement évaluer les risques qu’elles présentent, ce qui passe obligatoirement par l’identification des phénomènes dangereux mis en jeu. Pour les aider dans cette tâche, le modèle EZID (Energy analysis for systematic haZard Identification during Design) a été imaginé. Celui-ci se base sur le postulat suivant : les phénomènes dangereux n’existent qu’en présence d’énergies. Dans ce cas, identifier les phénomènes dangereux revient à suivre les flux d’énergies entrants dans la machine, transmis d’un élément à l’autre, diffusés ou transformés. Si la pertinence de ce modèle a été montrée dans le cadre de la conception d’une machine spéciale mono tâche, qu’en est-il lorsqu’il est appliqué sur des machines flexibles répondant au paradigme de l’industrie du futur ? C’est à cette question que tente de répondre cet article. Pour ce faire, la méthode EZID a été appliquée à un cas réel de conception d’un îlot de fabrication flexible. Les résultats sont également comparés à ceux obtenus avec une méthode classique d’identification des phénomènes dangereux. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17115 EZID: A new approach to hazard identification during the design process by analysing energy transfers DE GALVEZ, Nicholas; MARSOT, Jacques; MARTIN, Patrick; SIADAT, Ali; ETIENNE, Alain Manufacturing machine designers must take into account different aspects of products such as technol-ogy, legislation and occupational safety. European directive 2006/42/CE promulgates machine safetydesign principles to prevent occupational risks. Aimed at machine designers, its objective is to set outthe need to obtain the lowest possible risk level according to the state of the art. Although the designersof catalog machines have access to specific standards to perform a priori risk analyses, this is not the casefor special machine designers. An original approach called EZID is presented in this paper to help allmachine designers in the task of hazard identification. Based on the fact that hazards are linked to thepresence of energies, EZID identifies hazards through the detection of design parameters linked to energysources and flows. It then feeds back organized information to designers on every potential exchange ofenergy between the machine and its operators, bringing to light the need to add risk prevention solutions.The first part provides a detailed classification of energy parameters considered to be the primary indi-cators of hazards. This is followed by an explanation of the logical rules describing how damage is gen-erated by the combination of the other design parameters, increasing the level of detail in hazardidentification. The next part focuses on the characterization of significant hazards. Finally, the resultsobtained from using this approach during the industrial design of a supply line are presented to confirmthat EZID is functional from the earliest stage of design. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17115 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z DE GALVEZ, Nicholas MARSOT, Jacques MARTIN, Patrick SIADAT, Ali ETIENNE, Alain Manufacturing machine designers must take into account different aspects of products such as technol-ogy, legislation and occupational safety. European directive 2006/42/CE promulgates machine safetydesign principles to prevent occupational risks. Aimed at machine designers, its objective is to set outthe need to obtain the lowest possible risk level according to the state of the art. Although the designersof catalog machines have access to specific standards to perform a priori risk analyses, this is not the casefor special machine designers. An original approach called EZID is presented in this paper to help allmachine designers in the task of hazard identification. Based on the fact that hazards are linked to thepresence of energies, EZID identifies hazards through the detection of design parameters linked to energysources and flows. It then feeds back organized information to designers on every potential exchange ofenergy between the machine and its operators, bringing to light the need to add risk prevention solutions.The first part provides a detailed classification of energy parameters considered to be the primary indi-cators of hazards. This is followed by an explanation of the logical rules describing how damage is gen-erated by the combination of the other design parameters, increasing the level of detail in hazardidentification. The next part focuses on the characterization of significant hazards. Finally, the resultsobtained from using this approach during the industrial design of a supply line are presented to confirmthat EZID is functional from the earliest stage of design. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17118 Safety of Manufacturing Equipment: Methodology Based on a Work Situation Model and Need Functional Analysis FENO, Mahenina Remiel; MARTIN, Patrick; DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno; MARSOT, Jacques; SIADAT, Ali; ETIENNE, Alain The aim of “integrated prevention” is to conduct a preliminary risk analysis in order to achieve a lower level of risk in the design of future work equipment. Despite the many safety doc-uments that exist, many companies, particularly SME/SMIs, do not yet apply these safe design principles. Integration of safety in the design process is mainly based on the individual knowledge or experience of the designers and is not conducted in any formalized way. In order to answer to this problem, this paper presents a methodology to involve engaging stakeholders in dynamic dia-logue and a framework so that they may together define the information necessary for implement-ing safe design principles during the functional specification. The proposed methodology has been validated to industrial case. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17118 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z FENO, Mahenina Remiel MARTIN, Patrick DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno MARSOT, Jacques SIADAT, Ali ETIENNE, Alain The aim of “integrated prevention” is to conduct a preliminary risk analysis in order to achieve a lower level of risk in the design of future work equipment. Despite the many safety doc-uments that exist, many companies, particularly SME/SMIs, do not yet apply these safe design principles. Integration of safety in the design process is mainly based on the individual knowledge or experience of the designers and is not conducted in any formalized way. In order to answer to this problem, this paper presents a methodology to involve engaging stakeholders in dynamic dia-logue and a framework so that they may together define the information necessary for implement-ing safe design principles during the functional specification. The proposed methodology has been validated to industrial case. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/11328 Design for human safety in manufacturing systems: applications of design theories, methodologies, tools and techniques SADEGHI, Leyla; MARSOT, Jacques; SIADAT, Ali; DANTAN, Jean-Yves During recent decades, there has been growing awareness of human safety in the design process. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on design for human safety (DfHS) in manufacturing systems. To this end, a process for systematically reviewing DfHS studies was used. The authors focused in particular on the applications of design theories and methodologies (DTM) and design tools and techniques (DTT) to analyse and identify work situations in order to improve human safety in manufacturing system design. The authors also tried to identify the design phases in which these DTM and DTT could be applied. This research review covered papers published between 1980 and 2015, and combined seven groups of terms: DfHS, design, safety, DTM, DTT, risk and working situation. A critical analysis was also performed in view to defining a research agenda and the most prominent key actions capable of pointing out paths for future research. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/11328 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z SADEGHI, Leyla MARSOT, Jacques SIADAT, Ali DANTAN, Jean-Yves During recent decades, there has been growing awareness of human safety in the design process. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on design for human safety (DfHS) in manufacturing systems. To this end, a process for systematically reviewing DfHS studies was used. The authors focused in particular on the applications of design theories and methodologies (DTM) and design tools and techniques (DTT) to analyse and identify work situations in order to improve human safety in manufacturing system design. The authors also tried to identify the design phases in which these DTM and DTT could be applied. This research review covered papers published between 1980 and 2015, and combined seven groups of terms: DfHS, design, safety, DTM, DTT, risk and working situation. A critical analysis was also performed in view to defining a research agenda and the most prominent key actions capable of pointing out paths for future research. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/11800 Ingénierie de conception et sécurité des machines MARTIN, Patrick; MARSOT, Jacques; DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno; LUX, Aurélien; DE GALVEZ, Nicholas; EL MOUAYNI, Ismail; GODOT, Xavier; SIADAT, Ali; DANTAN, Jean-Yves; ETIENNE, Alain Cette présentation se positionne dans le cadre de la démarche de « prévention intégrée » qui consiste à appliquer au plus tôt des principes de conception sûre à un futur équipement de travail et dans le paradigme de l’usine du futur de la prise en compte de l’Homme dans les systèmes de production. Malgré les avancées actuelles en termes de méthodologies de conception et de dispositif normatif, la mise en pratique de cette démarche de prévention est encore très imparfaite. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs l’INRS et l’ENSAM se sont associés dans le cadre d’une convention de laboratoire mixte afin d’aider le concepteur de l’équipement ou du système de production de disposer de méthodes, modèles et outils structurés. Cet article présente les études réalisées et résultats obtenus suivant les axes : spécifications et conception préliminaire des équipements de travail prenant en compte les objectifs de santé - sécurité au travail.; This paper is dedicated to “integrated safety” which is dealing to apply as soon as possible safe machine design principle. More human in the factory is one of the main themes of the Factory of the future paradigm. Despite of current researches on design methodologies and standards, practical uses of this approach are not yet perfect. In order to answer to these objectives INRS and ENSAM have signed a research agreement in order to gives to the machine or manufacturing systems designers structured methods, models, tools and so to help them during the design process. This paper present studies carrying out, results obtained following the axis: working equipment requirements, preliminary design of manufacturing equipment taking account of health and safety. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/11800 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z MARTIN, Patrick MARSOT, Jacques DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno LUX, Aurélien DE GALVEZ, Nicholas EL MOUAYNI, Ismail GODOT, Xavier SIADAT, Ali DANTAN, Jean-Yves ETIENNE, Alain Cette présentation se positionne dans le cadre de la démarche de « prévention intégrée » qui consiste à appliquer au plus tôt des principes de conception sûre à un futur équipement de travail et dans le paradigme de l’usine du futur de la prise en compte de l’Homme dans les systèmes de production. Malgré les avancées actuelles en termes de méthodologies de conception et de dispositif normatif, la mise en pratique de cette démarche de prévention est encore très imparfaite. Afin de répondre à ces objectifs l’INRS et l’ENSAM se sont associés dans le cadre d’une convention de laboratoire mixte afin d’aider le concepteur de l’équipement ou du système de production de disposer de méthodes, modèles et outils structurés. Cet article présente les études réalisées et résultats obtenus suivant les axes : spécifications et conception préliminaire des équipements de travail prenant en compte les objectifs de santé - sécurité au travail. This paper is dedicated to “integrated safety” which is dealing to apply as soon as possible safe machine design principle. More human in the factory is one of the main themes of the Factory of the future paradigm. Despite of current researches on design methodologies and standards, practical uses of this approach are not yet perfect. In order to answer to these objectives INRS and ENSAM have signed a research agreement in order to gives to the machine or manufacturing systems designers structured methods, models, tools and so to help them during the design process. This paper present studies carrying out, results obtained following the axis: working equipment requirements, preliminary design of manufacturing equipment taking account of health and safety. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/12534 Safety of machinery: requirement specification based on functional need and work situations analysis REMIEL FENO, Mahenina; MARTIN, Patrick; DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno; MARSOT, Jacques; SIADAT, Ali; ETIENNE, Alain This paper describe the ongoing work jointly between INRS and LCFC/ENSAM to take risk prevention into account in the specification drawn up when considering buying or designing work equipment (special machine, individual workstation, assembly line, etc…). The methodology is based on the functional need analysis and the concept of work situations as defined by INRS in their previous research work. The aim is to bring together the “user” and the “designer” in a dynamic of dialogue, in order to define the main work situations and not only the technical system. An overview of the problem is first described, followed by a brief review of methods currently in use. We then describe the different steps involved in the proposed methodology, before examining the results of a case-study application to a milling machine in which the benefits of such an approach and its acceptability by SME/SMIs are assessed. Sun, 01 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/12534 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z REMIEL FENO, Mahenina MARTIN, Patrick DAILLE-LEFEVRE, Bruno MARSOT, Jacques SIADAT, Ali ETIENNE, Alain This paper describe the ongoing work jointly between INRS and LCFC/ENSAM to take risk prevention into account in the specification drawn up when considering buying or designing work equipment (special machine, individual workstation, assembly line, etc…). The methodology is based on the functional need analysis and the concept of work situations as defined by INRS in their previous research work. The aim is to bring together the “user” and the “designer” in a dynamic of dialogue, in order to define the main work situations and not only the technical system. An overview of the problem is first described, followed by a brief review of methods currently in use. We then describe the different steps involved in the proposed methodology, before examining the results of a case-study application to a milling machine in which the benefits of such an approach and its acceptability by SME/SMIs are assessed. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/11152 Proposition of an approach applicable during the design process of working equipment to identify potential hazards for workers DE GALVEZ, Nicholas; MARSOT, Jacques; MARTIN, Patrick; SIADAT, Ali; ETIENNE, Alain The work of product designers has to evolve in phase with the improvements made to technology and changes in regulations. They have to work on different aspects of a product such as its technological, legal, environmental and occupational safety implications. European directive 2006/42/CE promulgates safe machine design principles to prevent professional risks. These principles guide machine designers to reduce residual risks as much as the technological state of the art permits. Special machine designers are by definition confronted by a lack of specific standards relating to a priori risk analysis. The aim of this paper is to present an original approach to help them to identify hazards upstream and also throughout the design process. This approach is based on the fact that hazards are linked to the presence of energies. Hazard identification can be done through the detection of parameters linked to energy sources and flows. The approach then feeds back information to designers about potential contacts between energies and workers, to highlight the need to add preventive measures. We use the Functional-Structural Model is used to represent the machine energy architecture through the different steps of its lifecycle. Thus it is possible to identify every interface through which energies circulate. These interfaces are defined by two kinds of parameter: energetic parameters (linked to energy properties), and other design parameters. This paper first presents a detailed classification of energetic parameters that are also indicators of the hazards present in the machine. We then present logical rules for processing these energetic parameters and others, in order to increase the accuracy of the hazard identification performed. To conclude, the results obtained from using this approach during the industrial design of a supply line is detailed to validate the pertinence of its application from the earliest design stages, with improved accuracy during the subsequent design stages. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/11152 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z DE GALVEZ, Nicholas MARSOT, Jacques MARTIN, Patrick SIADAT, Ali ETIENNE, Alain The work of product designers has to evolve in phase with the improvements made to technology and changes in regulations. They have to work on different aspects of a product such as its technological, legal, environmental and occupational safety implications. European directive 2006/42/CE promulgates safe machine design principles to prevent professional risks. These principles guide machine designers to reduce residual risks as much as the technological state of the art permits. Special machine designers are by definition confronted by a lack of specific standards relating to a priori risk analysis. The aim of this paper is to present an original approach to help them to identify hazards upstream and also throughout the design process. This approach is based on the fact that hazards are linked to the presence of energies. Hazard identification can be done through the detection of parameters linked to energy sources and flows. The approach then feeds back information to designers about potential contacts between energies and workers, to highlight the need to add preventive measures. We use the Functional-Structural Model is used to represent the machine energy architecture through the different steps of its lifecycle. Thus it is possible to identify every interface through which energies circulate. These interfaces are defined by two kinds of parameter: energetic parameters (linked to energy properties), and other design parameters. This paper first presents a detailed classification of energetic parameters that are also indicators of the hazards present in the machine. We then present logical rules for processing these energetic parameters and others, in order to increase the accuracy of the hazard identification performed. To conclude, the results obtained from using this approach during the industrial design of a supply line is detailed to validate the pertinence of its application from the earliest design stages, with improved accuracy during the subsequent design stages. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/10574 Design for safety: proposition of a model to detect hazards through energy flows analysis DE GALVEZ, Nicholas; MARSOT, Jacques; MARTIN, Patrick; GODOT, Xavier; SIADAT, Ali; ETIENNE, Alain The European directive 2006/42/CE promulgates the machine safe design principles to prevent professional risks. However, outside machines that have specific safety standards, the designers of special machines and manufacturing systems can only use generic safety standards, limiting as a consequence the results of hazards detection. The aim of this paper is to present an original approach for this detection during the design of working equipment. We based our study on a hypothesis of the literature that links hazards to the presence of energy flows. Thus, the hazards detection is reduced to the study of the building of energy flows and the detection of potential links between these flows and the operator. Thanks to such data, the designer will be able to select the best risk prevention solutions. To reach this goal, we decided to use the Functional Energetic Model (FEMo) to model the technical system and its energy flows. This choice was made because this model was developed for the design of technical systems integrating different types of energy. By using this modelling, the designer can easily analyses every potential interactions between the energy flows and the operator, depending on the future working situations in each life cycle phases. Our approach builds on this model all along the design process, allowing the designer to early detect hazards and to apply at the best moment the risk prevention solutions. We present the application of this approach during the design of a working equipment, since the definition of the raw need. We confirm that its application and the system modelling in the EFM formalism are possible since the conceptual design phase. Data from the next design phases enrich the model, and consequently improve the detection and characterization of hazards. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/10574 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z DE GALVEZ, Nicholas MARSOT, Jacques MARTIN, Patrick GODOT, Xavier SIADAT, Ali ETIENNE, Alain The European directive 2006/42/CE promulgates the machine safe design principles to prevent professional risks. However, outside machines that have specific safety standards, the designers of special machines and manufacturing systems can only use generic safety standards, limiting as a consequence the results of hazards detection. The aim of this paper is to present an original approach for this detection during the design of working equipment. We based our study on a hypothesis of the literature that links hazards to the presence of energy flows. Thus, the hazards detection is reduced to the study of the building of energy flows and the detection of potential links between these flows and the operator. Thanks to such data, the designer will be able to select the best risk prevention solutions. To reach this goal, we decided to use the Functional Energetic Model (FEMo) to model the technical system and its energy flows. This choice was made because this model was developed for the design of technical systems integrating different types of energy. By using this modelling, the designer can easily analyses every potential interactions between the energy flows and the operator, depending on the future working situations in each life cycle phases. Our approach builds on this model all along the design process, allowing the designer to early detect hazards and to apply at the best moment the risk prevention solutions. We present the application of this approach during the design of a working equipment, since the definition of the raw need. We confirm that its application and the system modelling in the EFM formalism are possible since the conceptual design phase. Data from the next design phases enrich the model, and consequently improve the detection and characterization of hazards.