https://sam.ensam.eu:443 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Thu, 12 Mar 2026 23:21:31 GMT 2026-03-12T23:21:31Z http://hdl.handle.net/10985/10700 Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of materials in wooden boat ecodesign POMMIER, Régis; GRIMAUD, Guilhem; PRINCAUD, Marion; SONNEMANN, Guido; PERRY, Nicolas Purpose: Wooden boatyard building has been replaced in the 70’s in favor of materials which are considered cheaper and simpler to work with (such as composite or aluminium). With today's new environmental standards, the choices of materials must also be compatible with the aims of ecodesign. We promote wood based boats, and replacing exotic woods with local varieties (from France). An environmental impact assessment is needed to clarify the relative position of each solution. Methods: In order to validate the choices, we used a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) "from cradle to grave" of the hull. This LCA is based on the comparison of the different materials used: aluminum, composite, exotic wood and maritime pine. This study is based on the construction of an 18-meter-long passenger transport boat. These evaluations were carried out with respect to ISO 14040 standards, beginning with an existing database and measurements taken on the building and production sites. Results: Our results demonstrate the benefits of using a wood-based hull compared to other materials. Moreover, the results show that the maritime pine used in replacement of imported exotic woods is more favorable from both economic and environmental points of view. This LCA allowed us to characterize precisely the stages in the life cycle of a passenger boat and to propose a hierarchy between the different materials under comparison for the purposes of boat building. The recommendations and lines of progress highlighted by this study will allow us to enhance the efficiency of upcoming constructions and to promote the ecodesign conception in the boatyard. The authors extend their warmest thanks to the Cluster ABOVE who financed the research and in particular to the Dubourdieu 1800 boatyard (Mr Emmanuel Martin) who built the Greenboat and who supplied us with a great quantity of data for our LCA. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/10700 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z POMMIER, Régis GRIMAUD, Guilhem PRINCAUD, Marion SONNEMANN, Guido PERRY, Nicolas Purpose: Wooden boatyard building has been replaced in the 70’s in favor of materials which are considered cheaper and simpler to work with (such as composite or aluminium). With today's new environmental standards, the choices of materials must also be compatible with the aims of ecodesign. We promote wood based boats, and replacing exotic woods with local varieties (from France). An environmental impact assessment is needed to clarify the relative position of each solution. Methods: In order to validate the choices, we used a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) "from cradle to grave" of the hull. This LCA is based on the comparison of the different materials used: aluminum, composite, exotic wood and maritime pine. This study is based on the construction of an 18-meter-long passenger transport boat. These evaluations were carried out with respect to ISO 14040 standards, beginning with an existing database and measurements taken on the building and production sites. Results: Our results demonstrate the benefits of using a wood-based hull compared to other materials. Moreover, the results show that the maritime pine used in replacement of imported exotic woods is more favorable from both economic and environmental points of view. This LCA allowed us to characterize precisely the stages in the life cycle of a passenger boat and to propose a hierarchy between the different materials under comparison for the purposes of boat building. The recommendations and lines of progress highlighted by this study will allow us to enhance the efficiency of upcoming constructions and to promote the ecodesign conception in the boatyard. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/8034 The recycling of OMC's carbon reinforcement by solvolysing thermoset matrix. A way of sustainability for composites. PRINCAUD, Marion; POMPIDOU, Stéphane; SONNEMANN, Guido; AYMONIER, Cyril; SERANI, Anne; PERRY, Nicolas Originally developed for high-tech applications, carbon fibre/thermoset matrix composites have been increasingly used in leisure and sports industries, for several years. But the carbon reinforcement is the most expensive constituent, and also the most environmentally impacting in the elaboration of a composite part. To this day, no end-of-life solution or recycling process efficiently exists. This paper aims at demonstrating that recovering the carbon reinforcement is possible, technically and economically speaking. Moreover, it is particularly the basis for a life cycle analysis that assesses benefits and environmental challenges of this recycling loop based on the reinforcement recovery by a solvolysis of the organic matrix. Lastly, the lack of data to consider the better end-of-life option (reuse, recycling, energy recovery and material valorisation) will be underlined. Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/8034 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z PRINCAUD, Marion POMPIDOU, Stéphane SONNEMANN, Guido AYMONIER, Cyril SERANI, Anne PERRY, Nicolas Originally developed for high-tech applications, carbon fibre/thermoset matrix composites have been increasingly used in leisure and sports industries, for several years. But the carbon reinforcement is the most expensive constituent, and also the most environmentally impacting in the elaboration of a composite part. To this day, no end-of-life solution or recycling process efficiently exists. This paper aims at demonstrating that recovering the carbon reinforcement is possible, technically and economically speaking. Moreover, it is particularly the basis for a life cycle analysis that assesses benefits and environmental challenges of this recycling loop based on the reinforcement recovery by a solvolysis of the organic matrix. Lastly, the lack of data to consider the better end-of-life option (reuse, recycling, energy recovery and material valorisation) will be underlined. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9927 Green technology LCA for wood manufacturing: plywood glued from green veneers technology POMMIER, Régis; GRIMAUD, Guilhem; PRINCAUD, Marion; SONNEMANN, Guido; PERRY, Nicolas Vacuum moulding technologies enable to manufacture plywood. It enables to glue a green state wood, because it can be dried and glued by the vacuum in the same operation. It reduces considerably the number of steps in its manufacturing. The aim of this paper is to propose a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in order to validate the use of vacuum process with green plywood in the hulls of boats. The functional analysis focussed on 4 traditional plywood in order to compare them with our product. The environmental modelling is carried out according to norm ISO 14040, starting from existing eco-invent (c) data base enriched with measurements taken during the manufacturing process. The results show the significant interest in the technology of gluing green wood with vacuum process. For an industrial use, this new technology is disadvantaged by the use of consumables which could be reduced considerably in industrial production by using reusable consumables Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9927 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z POMMIER, Régis GRIMAUD, Guilhem PRINCAUD, Marion SONNEMANN, Guido PERRY, Nicolas Vacuum moulding technologies enable to manufacture plywood. It enables to glue a green state wood, because it can be dried and glued by the vacuum in the same operation. It reduces considerably the number of steps in its manufacturing. The aim of this paper is to propose a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in order to validate the use of vacuum process with green plywood in the hulls of boats. The functional analysis focussed on 4 traditional plywood in order to compare them with our product. The environmental modelling is carried out according to norm ISO 14040, starting from existing eco-invent (c) data base enriched with measurements taken during the manufacturing process. The results show the significant interest in the technology of gluing green wood with vacuum process. For an industrial use, this new technology is disadvantaged by the use of consumables which could be reduced considerably in industrial production by using reusable consumables http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15143 Development of a conceptual framework and its associated indicator to take the dissipation of non- energetic abiotic resources into account within Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre; SONNEMANN, Guido; LARATTE, Bertrand; LOUBET, Philippe; MULLER, Stéphanie; VILLENEUVE, Jacques Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool allowing to assess environmental impacts of a product or service over its whole life cycle. It may serve as a support for product eco-design, policy- makers and decision-takers in governments and industries. LCA is relatively new, and methodological improvements are still required for it to be as robust as possible in order for it to fulfill its function and to be considered reliable and credible. A proper method to assess resource use in LCA has yet to be developed. In this regard, our work in progress is aiming at a better understanding and assessment of resource use impacts on Natural Resources Area of Protection in LCA with a dissipation approach. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15143 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre SONNEMANN, Guido LARATTE, Bertrand LOUBET, Philippe MULLER, Stéphanie VILLENEUVE, Jacques Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool allowing to assess environmental impacts of a product or service over its whole life cycle. It may serve as a support for product eco-design, policy- makers and decision-takers in governments and industries. LCA is relatively new, and methodological improvements are still required for it to be as robust as possible in order for it to fulfill its function and to be considered reliable and credible. A proper method to assess resource use in LCA has yet to be developed. In this regard, our work in progress is aiming at a better understanding and assessment of resource use impacts on Natural Resources Area of Protection in LCA with a dissipation approach. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/18041 Development of a conceptual framework to take the dissipation of non-energetic abiotic resources into account within Life Cycle Assessment CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre; LARATTE, Bertrand; LOUBET, Philippe; SONNEMANN, Guido Life cycle assessment is a valuable tool to assess the ecological performance of a product system holistically. However, it is still an imperfect tool for which some of the impact categories especially need to be revisited. Abiotic resource use is an impact category for which much debate has been going on in the last years. Methodological choices in the existing indicators are often criticized, and the usefulness of results is of questionable relevance to decision takers in the industry or the policy makers. Dissipation of those resources has been identified as a promising way forward. Dynamic material flow analysis can serve as an important basis to account for dissipated flows in a product system at different scales, and therefore serve as first steps towards the integration of dissipation in life cycle assessment. The ongoing work presented here aims at proposing a sound methodology based on dynamic material flow analysis to implement the dissipation of abiotic resources in life cycle assessment. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/18041 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre LARATTE, Bertrand LOUBET, Philippe SONNEMANN, Guido Life cycle assessment is a valuable tool to assess the ecological performance of a product system holistically. However, it is still an imperfect tool for which some of the impact categories especially need to be revisited. Abiotic resource use is an impact category for which much debate has been going on in the last years. Methodological choices in the existing indicators are often criticized, and the usefulness of results is of questionable relevance to decision takers in the industry or the policy makers. Dissipation of those resources has been identified as a promising way forward. Dynamic material flow analysis can serve as an important basis to account for dissipated flows in a product system at different scales, and therefore serve as first steps towards the integration of dissipation in life cycle assessment. The ongoing work presented here aims at proposing a sound methodology based on dynamic material flow analysis to implement the dissipation of abiotic resources in life cycle assessment. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17015 A necessary step forward for proper non-energetic abiotic resource use consideration in life cycle assessment: The functional dissipation approach using dynamic material flow analysis data CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre; LOUBET, Philippe; LARATTE, Bertrand; MULLER, Stéphanie; VILLENEUVE, Jacques; SONNEMANN, Guido The impact of non-energetic abiotic resource use in life cycle as- sessment (LCA) has been receiving much attention in the last decades, and even more so since the resource efficiency and circular economy have become prominent subjects of discussion in public and private sectors all around the world. As LCA has proven to be the most solid holistic tool to integrate environmental impacts in sustainability as- sessments of product systems, it should be able to integrate current concerns about non-energetic abiotic resource use into its methodology and therefore provide exploitable results for every LCA user. However, to this day no consensus has been reached on which approach for characterizing impacts due to the use of these resources should be used (Drielsma et al., 2016; Sonderegger et al., 2017). This seems to be at- tributable to the fact that no method is recognized as both solid on the methodological level while answering at the same time the true con- cerns for abiotic natural resource uses in LCA: the need to retain and therefore maximize their functional value in the technosphere after their extraction in order to fulfill the needs of current and future gen- erations, while minimizing the losses to the ecosphere. Indeed, abiotic resources are not always consumed Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/17015 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre LOUBET, Philippe LARATTE, Bertrand MULLER, Stéphanie VILLENEUVE, Jacques SONNEMANN, Guido The impact of non-energetic abiotic resource use in life cycle as- sessment (LCA) has been receiving much attention in the last decades, and even more so since the resource efficiency and circular economy have become prominent subjects of discussion in public and private sectors all around the world. As LCA has proven to be the most solid holistic tool to integrate environmental impacts in sustainability as- sessments of product systems, it should be able to integrate current concerns about non-energetic abiotic resource use into its methodology and therefore provide exploitable results for every LCA user. However, to this day no consensus has been reached on which approach for characterizing impacts due to the use of these resources should be used (Drielsma et al., 2016; Sonderegger et al., 2017). This seems to be at- tributable to the fact that no method is recognized as both solid on the methodological level while answering at the same time the true con- cerns for abiotic natural resource uses in LCA: the need to retain and therefore maximize their functional value in the technosphere after their extraction in order to fulfill the needs of current and future gen- erations, while minimizing the losses to the ecosphere. Indeed, abiotic resources are not always consumed http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19157 How recycling mitigates supply risks of critical raw materials: Extension of the geopolitical supply risk methodology applied to information and communication technologies in the European Union SANTILLÁN-SALDIVAR, Jair; CIMPRICH, Alexander; SHAIKH, Noor; LARATTE, Bertrand; YOUNG, Steven B.; SONNEMANN, Guido The Geopolitical Supply Risk method, originally developed by Gemechu et al. (2016) and subsequently extended by Helbig et al. (2016a) and Cimprich et al. (2017, 2018), is aimed at incorporating supply risk assessment of “critical raw materials” as a complement to environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) within life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). In this article, we further extend the method to consider the risk-mitigating potential of domestic recycling – thus advancing considerations of “circular economy” strategies for managing materials criticality. Our method captures two mechanisms through which domestic recycling can affect supply risk: a reduction in total imports (the “reduction effect”), and a potential redistribution of the import supply mix (the “redistribution effect”). We consider a range of outcomes from a best-case scenario (displacing imports from the riskiest trade partners) to a worst-case scenario (displacing imports from the least risky trade partners). Using our recently developed automated calculation tool, which significantly improves the practical applicability of the method by facilitating the otherwise burdensome computations required, we test and demonstrate our method on 13 raw materials used for information and communication technologies in the European Union. Thus, we test the notion that recycling mitigates supply risk. The reality is more complex. To maximize risk mitigation, recycling should ideally take place domestically, recycled material should be reinserted into the domestic economy, and the import supply mix should be considered, especially given that the redistribution effect sometimes exceeds the reduction effect. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19157 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z SANTILLÁN-SALDIVAR, Jair CIMPRICH, Alexander SHAIKH, Noor LARATTE, Bertrand YOUNG, Steven B. SONNEMANN, Guido The Geopolitical Supply Risk method, originally developed by Gemechu et al. (2016) and subsequently extended by Helbig et al. (2016a) and Cimprich et al. (2017, 2018), is aimed at incorporating supply risk assessment of “critical raw materials” as a complement to environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) within life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA). In this article, we further extend the method to consider the risk-mitigating potential of domestic recycling – thus advancing considerations of “circular economy” strategies for managing materials criticality. Our method captures two mechanisms through which domestic recycling can affect supply risk: a reduction in total imports (the “reduction effect”), and a potential redistribution of the import supply mix (the “redistribution effect”). We consider a range of outcomes from a best-case scenario (displacing imports from the riskiest trade partners) to a worst-case scenario (displacing imports from the least risky trade partners). Using our recently developed automated calculation tool, which significantly improves the practical applicability of the method by facilitating the otherwise burdensome computations required, we test and demonstrate our method on 13 raw materials used for information and communication technologies in the European Union. Thus, we test the notion that recycling mitigates supply risk. The reality is more complex. To maximize risk mitigation, recycling should ideally take place domestically, recycled material should be reinserted into the domestic economy, and the import supply mix should be considered, especially given that the redistribution effect sometimes exceeds the reduction effect. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/22317 Losses and lifetimes of metals in the economy CHARPENTIER PONCELET, Alexandre; HELBIG, Christoph; LOUBET, Philippe; BEYLOT, Antoine; MULLER, Stéphanie; VILLENEUVE, Jacques; LARATTE, Bertrand; THORENZ, Andrea; TUMA, Axel; SONNEMANN, Guido The consumption of most metals continues to rise following ever-increasing population growth, affluence and technological development. Sustainability considerations urge greater resource efficiency and retention of metals in the economy. We model the fate of a yearly cohort of 61 extracted metals over time and identify where losses are expected to occur through a life-cycle lens. We find that ferrous metals have the longest lifetimes, with 150 years on average, followed by precious, non-ferrous and specialty metals with 61, 50 and 12 years on average, respectively. Production losses are the largest for 15 of the studied metals whereas use losses are the largest for barium, mercury and strontium. Losses to waste management and recycling are the largest for 43 metals, suggesting the need to improve design for better sorting and recycling and to ensure longer-lasting products, in combination with improving waste-management practices. Compared with the United Nations Environmental Programme’s recycling statistics, our results show the importance of taking a life-cycle perspective to estimate losses of metals to develop effective circular economy strategies. We provide the dataset and model used in a machine-readable format to allow further research on metal cycles Thu, 19 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/22317 2022-05-19T00:00:00Z CHARPENTIER PONCELET, Alexandre HELBIG, Christoph LOUBET, Philippe BEYLOT, Antoine MULLER, Stéphanie VILLENEUVE, Jacques LARATTE, Bertrand THORENZ, Andrea TUMA, Axel SONNEMANN, Guido The consumption of most metals continues to rise following ever-increasing population growth, affluence and technological development. Sustainability considerations urge greater resource efficiency and retention of metals in the economy. We model the fate of a yearly cohort of 61 extracted metals over time and identify where losses are expected to occur through a life-cycle lens. We find that ferrous metals have the longest lifetimes, with 150 years on average, followed by precious, non-ferrous and specialty metals with 61, 50 and 12 years on average, respectively. Production losses are the largest for 15 of the studied metals whereas use losses are the largest for barium, mercury and strontium. Losses to waste management and recycling are the largest for 43 metals, suggesting the need to improve design for better sorting and recycling and to ensure longer-lasting products, in combination with improving waste-management practices. Compared with the United Nations Environmental Programme’s recycling statistics, our results show the importance of taking a life-cycle perspective to estimate losses of metals to develop effective circular economy strategies. We provide the dataset and model used in a machine-readable format to allow further research on metal cycles http://hdl.handle.net/10985/20215 Life cycle impact assessment methods for estimating the impacts of dissipative flows of metals CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre; HELBIG, Christoph; LOUBET, Philippe; BEYLOT, Antoine; MULLER, Stéphanie; VILLENEUVE, Jacques; LARATTE, Bertrand; THORENZ, Andrea; TUMA, Axel; SONNEMANN, Guido The dissipation of metals leads to potential environmental impacts, usually evaluated for product systems with life cycle assessment. Dissipative flows of metals become inaccessible for future users, going against the common goal of a more circular economy. Therefore, they should be addressed in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) in the area of protection “Natural Resources.” However, life cycle inventory databases provide limited information on dissipation as they only track emissions to the environment as elementary flows. Therefore, we propose two LCIA methods capturing the expected dissipation patterns of metals after extraction, based on dynamic material flow analysis data. The methods are applied to resource elementary flows in life cycle inventories. The lost potential service time method provides precautionary indications on the lost service due to dissipation over different time horizons. The average dissipation rate method distinguishes between the conservation potentials of different metals. Metals that are relatively well conserved, including major metals such as iron and aluminum, have low characterization factors (CFs). Those with poor process yields, including many companion and high-tech metals such as gallium and tellurium, have high CFs. A comparative study between the developed CFs, along with those of the Abiotic Depletion Potential and Environmental Dissipation Potential methods, show that dissipation trends do not consistently match those of the depletion and environmental dissipation potentials. The proposed methods may thus be complementary to other methods when assessing the impacts of resource use on the area of protection Natural Resources when pursuing an increased material circularity. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/20215 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre HELBIG, Christoph LOUBET, Philippe BEYLOT, Antoine MULLER, Stéphanie VILLENEUVE, Jacques LARATTE, Bertrand THORENZ, Andrea TUMA, Axel SONNEMANN, Guido The dissipation of metals leads to potential environmental impacts, usually evaluated for product systems with life cycle assessment. Dissipative flows of metals become inaccessible for future users, going against the common goal of a more circular economy. Therefore, they should be addressed in life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) in the area of protection “Natural Resources.” However, life cycle inventory databases provide limited information on dissipation as they only track emissions to the environment as elementary flows. Therefore, we propose two LCIA methods capturing the expected dissipation patterns of metals after extraction, based on dynamic material flow analysis data. The methods are applied to resource elementary flows in life cycle inventories. The lost potential service time method provides precautionary indications on the lost service due to dissipation over different time horizons. The average dissipation rate method distinguishes between the conservation potentials of different metals. Metals that are relatively well conserved, including major metals such as iron and aluminum, have low characterization factors (CFs). Those with poor process yields, including many companion and high-tech metals such as gallium and tellurium, have high CFs. A comparative study between the developed CFs, along with those of the Abiotic Depletion Potential and Environmental Dissipation Potential methods, show that dissipation trends do not consistently match those of the depletion and environmental dissipation potentials. The proposed methods may thus be complementary to other methods when assessing the impacts of resource use on the area of protection Natural Resources when pursuing an increased material circularity. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/21396 Linkage of impact pathways to cultural perspectives to account for multiple aspects of mineral resource use in life cycle assessment CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre; BEYLOT, Antoine; LOUBET, Philippe; LARATTE, Bertrand; MULLER, Stéphanie; VILLENEUVE, Jacques; SONNEMANN, Guido Important advances have been made to define the multiple impact pathways relating mineral resource use to the area of protection (AoP) natural resources in life cycle assessment (LCA). Yet, the link between stakeholders’ interests and the aspects relevant to resource use as addressed by existing impact assessment methods has so far only marginally been explored. This article proposes to go beyond the case-specific determination of stake­ holders’ interests (and the associated selection of impact assessment method) by defining multiple groups of different values based on cultural perspectives, in order to determine the corresponding relevant impact path­ ways and assessment methods. Relying on the Cultural Theory and related potential development scenarios, we identify socio-economicobjectives and resource management strategies that fit the egalitarian, individualist and hierarchist perspec­ tives. Our analysis reveals that different aspects of resource use may be most relevant to assess for each perspective since they pursue different socio-economic objectives. Egalitarians are expected to prioritize the long-term availability of geological stocks for future generations by keeping extraction flows to a minimum to reach global sufficiency, and individualists, to safeguard their short-term accessibility to resources by managing their supply risk. Hierarchists are likely to aim to maximize the value obtained from resources globally, and could thus focus on addressing dissipative flows. Building on this analysis, we provide a proposal for a more holistic assessment of the impact pathways linked to mineral resource use using existing LCIA methods, and identify ways forward for method developments to come. Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/21396 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z CHARPENTIER-PONCELET, Alexandre BEYLOT, Antoine LOUBET, Philippe LARATTE, Bertrand MULLER, Stéphanie VILLENEUVE, Jacques SONNEMANN, Guido Important advances have been made to define the multiple impact pathways relating mineral resource use to the area of protection (AoP) natural resources in life cycle assessment (LCA). Yet, the link between stakeholders’ interests and the aspects relevant to resource use as addressed by existing impact assessment methods has so far only marginally been explored. This article proposes to go beyond the case-specific determination of stake­ holders’ interests (and the associated selection of impact assessment method) by defining multiple groups of different values based on cultural perspectives, in order to determine the corresponding relevant impact path­ ways and assessment methods. Relying on the Cultural Theory and related potential development scenarios, we identify socio-economicobjectives and resource management strategies that fit the egalitarian, individualist and hierarchist perspec­ tives. Our analysis reveals that different aspects of resource use may be most relevant to assess for each perspective since they pursue different socio-economic objectives. Egalitarians are expected to prioritize the long-term availability of geological stocks for future generations by keeping extraction flows to a minimum to reach global sufficiency, and individualists, to safeguard their short-term accessibility to resources by managing their supply risk. Hierarchists are likely to aim to maximize the value obtained from resources globally, and could thus focus on addressing dissipative flows. Building on this analysis, we provide a proposal for a more holistic assessment of the impact pathways linked to mineral resource use using existing LCIA methods, and identify ways forward for method developments to come.