https://sam.ensam.eu:443 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Thu, 12 Mar 2026 22:51:27 GMT 2026-03-12T22:51:27Z http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9838 Review of the “ as-buit BIM ” approaches HICHRI, Nouha; STEFANI, Chiara; DE LUCA, Livio; VERON, Philippe Today, we need 3D models of heritage buildings in order to handle more efficiently projects of restoration, documentation and maintenance. In this context, developing a performing approach, based on a first phase of building survey, is a necessary step in order to build a semantically enriched digital model. For this purpose, the Building Information Modeling is an efficient tool for storing and exchanging knowledge about buildings. In order to create such a model, there are three fundamental steps: acquisition, segmentation and modeling. For these reasons, it is essential to understand and analyze this entire chain that leads to a well- structured and enriched 3D digital model. This paper proposes a survey and an analysis of the existing approaches on these topics and tries to define a new approach of semantic structuring taking into account the complexity of this chain. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9838 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z HICHRI, Nouha STEFANI, Chiara DE LUCA, Livio VERON, Philippe Today, we need 3D models of heritage buildings in order to handle more efficiently projects of restoration, documentation and maintenance. In this context, developing a performing approach, based on a first phase of building survey, is a necessary step in order to build a semantically enriched digital model. For this purpose, the Building Information Modeling is an efficient tool for storing and exchanging knowledge about buildings. In order to create such a model, there are three fundamental steps: acquisition, segmentation and modeling. For these reasons, it is essential to understand and analyze this entire chain that leads to a well- structured and enriched 3D digital model. This paper proposes a survey and an analysis of the existing approaches on these topics and tries to define a new approach of semantic structuring taking into account the complexity of this chain. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9837 2D/3D semantic annotation towards a set of spatially-oriented photographs MANUEL, Adeline; STEFANI, Chiara; DE LUCA, Livio; VERON, Philippe In the domain of conservation and promotion of cultural heritage, the development of new information technologies offers new tools for sharing knowledge on heritage building. These tools are destined to help experts to enrich and access information about buildings. This article proposes an approach allowing the automatic transfer of annotations in a set of spatially-oriented photographs (whose positions and orientations in space are estimated) by using 3D information. First of all, an automated image-based 3D reconstruction method produces 3D information (specifically 3D coordinates) by processing photographs of the set. Then, the process of annotations’ transfer between images uses this generated 3D information. Finally, this process allows the implementation of the annotations modification. As a consequence, this process provides a simple way to annotate blocs of images all at once instead of one by one. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9837 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z MANUEL, Adeline STEFANI, Chiara DE LUCA, Livio VERON, Philippe In the domain of conservation and promotion of cultural heritage, the development of new information technologies offers new tools for sharing knowledge on heritage building. These tools are destined to help experts to enrich and access information about buildings. This article proposes an approach allowing the automatic transfer of annotations in a set of spatially-oriented photographs (whose positions and orientations in space are estimated) by using 3D information. First of all, an automated image-based 3D reconstruction method produces 3D information (specifically 3D coordinates) by processing photographs of the set. Then, the process of annotations’ transfer between images uses this generated 3D information. Finally, this process allows the implementation of the annotations modification. As a consequence, this process provides a simple way to annotate blocs of images all at once instead of one by one. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9836 From point cloud to BIM: a survey of existing approaches HICHRI, Nouha; STEFANI, Chiara; DE LUCA, Livio; HAMON, Georges; VERON, Philippe In order to handle more efficiently projects of restoration, documentation and maintenance of historical buildings, it is essential to rely on a 3D enriched model for the building. Today, the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely adopted for the semantization of digital mockups and few research focused on the value of this concept in the field of cultural heritage. In addition historical buildings are already built, so it is necessary to develop a performing approach, based on a first step of building survey, to develop a semantically enriched digital model. For these reasons, this paper focuses on this chain starting with a point cloud and leading to the well-structured final BIM; and proposes an analysis and a survey of existing approache on the topics of: acquisition, segmentation and BIM creation. It also, presents a critical analysis on the application of this chain in the field of cultural heritage Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9836 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z HICHRI, Nouha STEFANI, Chiara DE LUCA, Livio HAMON, Georges VERON, Philippe In order to handle more efficiently projects of restoration, documentation and maintenance of historical buildings, it is essential to rely on a 3D enriched model for the building. Today, the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely adopted for the semantization of digital mockups and few research focused on the value of this concept in the field of cultural heritage. In addition historical buildings are already built, so it is necessary to develop a performing approach, based on a first step of building survey, to develop a semantically enriched digital model. For these reasons, this paper focuses on this chain starting with a point cloud and leading to the well-structured final BIM; and proposes an analysis and a survey of existing approache on the topics of: acquisition, segmentation and BIM creation. It also, presents a critical analysis on the application of this chain in the field of cultural heritage http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9835 Distribution of semantic annotations towards a set of spatially-oriented photographs MANUEL, Adeline; STEFANI, Chiara; DE LUCA, Livio; VERON, Philippe Today with the development of new information technologies, the domain of conservation and promotion of cultural heritage benefits from new tools to disseminate knowledge on heritage buildings. These tools are intended to help experts to enrich and access information about buildings. This paper describes this critical issue and proposes an approach permitting the automatic transfer of annotations in a set of oriented photographs (whose positions and orientations in space are known) by using 3D information. First of all, photographs are processed with an automated image-based 3D reconstruction method to produce 3D information (specifically 3D coordinates). Then, 3D information is used in the process of annotations’ transfer between images. Finally, with this process, the modification of annotations can be easily implemented. As a consequence, this process provides a simple way to annotate blocs of images all at once instead of one by one. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9835 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z MANUEL, Adeline STEFANI, Chiara DE LUCA, Livio VERON, Philippe Today with the development of new information technologies, the domain of conservation and promotion of cultural heritage benefits from new tools to disseminate knowledge on heritage buildings. These tools are intended to help experts to enrich and access information about buildings. This paper describes this critical issue and proposes an approach permitting the automatic transfer of annotations in a set of oriented photographs (whose positions and orientations in space are known) by using 3D information. First of all, photographs are processed with an automated image-based 3D reconstruction method to produce 3D information (specifically 3D coordinates). Then, 3D information is used in the process of annotations’ transfer between images. Finally, with this process, the modification of annotations can be easily implemented. As a consequence, this process provides a simple way to annotate blocs of images all at once instead of one by one. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9714 A Web Information System for the Semantic-Based Analysis of Architectural Heritage DE LUCA, Livio; BUSAYARAT, Chawee; STEFANI, Chiara; FLORENZANO, M; VERON, Philippe This article focuses on the fields of architectural documentation and digital representation. It concerns the development of an information system at the scale of architecture, taking into account the relationships that can be established between the representation of buildings (shape, dimension, state of conservation, hypothetical restitution) and heterogeneous information about various fields (such as the technical, the documentary or still the historical one). The proposed approach aims to organize multiple representations (and associated information) around a semantic description model with the goal of defining a web information system for the multi-field analysis of heritage buildings. Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9714 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z DE LUCA, Livio BUSAYARAT, Chawee STEFANI, Chiara FLORENZANO, M VERON, Philippe This article focuses on the fields of architectural documentation and digital representation. It concerns the development of an information system at the scale of architecture, taking into account the relationships that can be established between the representation of buildings (shape, dimension, state of conservation, hypothetical restitution) and heterogeneous information about various fields (such as the technical, the documentary or still the historical one). The proposed approach aims to organize multiple representations (and associated information) around a semantic description model with the goal of defining a web information system for the multi-field analysis of heritage buildings. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9758 NUBES : describing, analysing, documenting and sharing digital representations of heritage buildings DE LUCA, Livio; BUSAYARAT, Chawee; STEFANI, Chiara; FLORENZANO, Michel; VERON, Philippe The NUBES project focus on the definition of an informative system on an architectural scale which exploits the relations between the 3D representation of the building (shape, dimensions, state of conservation, hypothetical restitution of its transformations in time) and heterogeneous information coming from the various fields (technical, documentary, historical). The platform aims at organizing multiple representations (and associated information) around a model of semantic description with the aim of defining a system for the multi-field observation of historic buildings. The principles studied are implemented in a Web Application, whose main functionalities we present. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9758 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z DE LUCA, Livio BUSAYARAT, Chawee STEFANI, Chiara FLORENZANO, Michel VERON, Philippe The NUBES project focus on the definition of an informative system on an architectural scale which exploits the relations between the 3D representation of the building (shape, dimensions, state of conservation, hypothetical restitution of its transformations in time) and heterogeneous information coming from the various fields (technical, documentary, historical). The platform aims at organizing multiple representations (and associated information) around a model of semantic description with the aim of defining a system for the multi-field observation of historic buildings. The principles studied are implemented in a Web Application, whose main functionalities we present. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9776 Modeling buildings historical evolutions STEFANI, Chiara; DE LUCA, Livio; FLORENZANO, Michel; VERON, Philippe Various aspects condition the analysis and the interpretation of cultural heritage. In fact, historical sites can have a rich and complex history, sometimes full of changes, sometimes only partially known by means of documentary sources. This paper proposes a hibrid approach on one hand to structure and organize building entities, and on the other one to represent evolution and uncertainty around buildings. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9776 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z STEFANI, Chiara DE LUCA, Livio FLORENZANO, Michel VERON, Philippe Various aspects condition the analysis and the interpretation of cultural heritage. In fact, historical sites can have a rich and complex history, sometimes full of changes, sometimes only partially known by means of documentary sources. This paper proposes a hibrid approach on one hand to structure and organize building entities, and on the other one to represent evolution and uncertainty around buildings. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/7358 A Web Platform for the Consultation of Spatialized and Semantically-Enriched Iconographic Sources on Cultural Heritage Buildings STEFANI, Chiara; BUSAYARAT, Chawee; LOMBARDO, Julie; DE LUCA, Livio; VERON, Philippe This paper describes an interactive platform for the semantic annotation of oriented iconographic sources based on an accurate 3D model structured according to spatial and temporal features. This platform, called LOCUS IMAGINIS, provides access to cultural information about monuments by collecting personal snapshots taken by visitors. In particular, the platform enables to perform two actions. Firstly, pictures are added into the database: visitors manually align images to the digital model of the monument and than, by means of automatic procedures, images are enriched with 2D semantic annotations that are projected from the 3D model. Secondly, the collection of semantically-enriched data can be queried: when visitors select 2D images of the database, these are oriented in the 3D scene and superimposed onto the 3D model. In this way, this tool provides access to textual and graphic information describing the photographed site (semantic, spatial, temporal features, etc.). Moreover, visitors can interact both with images and the 3D-model to highlight building parts by color. Accessible on-site and on-line, this tool can create awareness about conservation and is adapted to all kinds of audience: students involved in educational workshops, visitors needing to extend their visit, and documentalists interested in the consultation of the iconographic corpus Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/7358 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z STEFANI, Chiara BUSAYARAT, Chawee LOMBARDO, Julie DE LUCA, Livio VERON, Philippe This paper describes an interactive platform for the semantic annotation of oriented iconographic sources based on an accurate 3D model structured according to spatial and temporal features. This platform, called LOCUS IMAGINIS, provides access to cultural information about monuments by collecting personal snapshots taken by visitors. In particular, the platform enables to perform two actions. Firstly, pictures are added into the database: visitors manually align images to the digital model of the monument and than, by means of automatic procedures, images are enriched with 2D semantic annotations that are projected from the 3D model. Secondly, the collection of semantically-enriched data can be queried: when visitors select 2D images of the database, these are oriented in the 3D scene and superimposed onto the 3D model. In this way, this tool provides access to textual and graphic information describing the photographed site (semantic, spatial, temporal features, etc.). Moreover, visitors can interact both with images and the 3D-model to highlight building parts by color. Accessible on-site and on-line, this tool can create awareness about conservation and is adapted to all kinds of audience: students involved in educational workshops, visitors needing to extend their visit, and documentalists interested in the consultation of the iconographic corpus http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9805 An Iconography-Based Modeling Approach for the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Architectural Heritage DE LUCA, Livio; BUSAYARAT, Chawee; STEFANI, Chiara; RENAUDIN, N; FLORENZANO, M; VERON, Philippe The study of historic buildings is usually based on the collection and analysis of iconographic sources such as photographs, drawings, engravings, paintings or sketches. This paper describes a methodological approach to make use of the existing iconographic corpus for the analysis and the 3D management of building transformations. Iconography is used for different goals. Firstly, it's a source of geometric information (image-based-modeling of anterior states); secondly, it's used for the re-creation of visual appearance (image-based texture extraction); thirdly it's a proof of the temporal distribution of shape transformations (spatio-temporal modeling); finally it becomes a visual support for the study of building transformations (visual comparison between different temporal states). The aim is to establish a relation between the iconography used for the hypothetical reconstruction and the 3D representation that depends on it. This approach relates to the idea of using 3D representations like visualization systems capable of reflecting the amount of knowledge developed by the study of a historic building Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9805 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z DE LUCA, Livio BUSAYARAT, Chawee STEFANI, Chiara RENAUDIN, N FLORENZANO, M VERON, Philippe The study of historic buildings is usually based on the collection and analysis of iconographic sources such as photographs, drawings, engravings, paintings or sketches. This paper describes a methodological approach to make use of the existing iconographic corpus for the analysis and the 3D management of building transformations. Iconography is used for different goals. Firstly, it's a source of geometric information (image-based-modeling of anterior states); secondly, it's used for the re-creation of visual appearance (image-based texture extraction); thirdly it's a proof of the temporal distribution of shape transformations (spatio-temporal modeling); finally it becomes a visual support for the study of building transformations (visual comparison between different temporal states). The aim is to establish a relation between the iconography used for the hypothetical reconstruction and the 3D representation that depends on it. This approach relates to the idea of using 3D representations like visualization systems capable of reflecting the amount of knowledge developed by the study of a historic building http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9806 An image-based approach for the architectural modeling of past states STEFANI, Chiara; BUSAYARAT, Chawee; RENAUDIN, N; DE LUCA, Livio; VERON, Philippe; FLORENZANO, M During the modelling process, 3D models are not easily conceived to support changes over time. On the contrary, for the description of cultural heritage, it is often necessary to display not only the actual state of buildings but also their previous states so to understand their modifications. The construction and structuring of spatio-temporal models of cultural heritage demand a double conceptual effort: on one side, 3D models must be reconstructed and structured in space according to architectural concepts; on the other one, such elements should follow the criteria of temporal decomposition. For this reason, links between structured elements should be established to keep track of changes over time. Moreover, only the current state can be reconstructed in a rigorous way using a combination of different 3D measurement techniques (such as laser scanning and photogrammetry); on the contrary, knowledge about past states is conditioned by missing elements, whose morphology and dating can reveal uncertain. For this reason, this paper describes a methodological approach to make use of the existing iconographic corpus for the analysis and the 3D management of building transformations. The aim is to establish a relation between the iconography used for the hypothetical reconstruction and the 3D representation that depends on it. As a result, 3D representations can be used like visualization systems capable of reflecting the amount of knowledge produced studying historic buildings Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/9806 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z STEFANI, Chiara BUSAYARAT, Chawee RENAUDIN, N DE LUCA, Livio VERON, Philippe FLORENZANO, M During the modelling process, 3D models are not easily conceived to support changes over time. On the contrary, for the description of cultural heritage, it is often necessary to display not only the actual state of buildings but also their previous states so to understand their modifications. The construction and structuring of spatio-temporal models of cultural heritage demand a double conceptual effort: on one side, 3D models must be reconstructed and structured in space according to architectural concepts; on the other one, such elements should follow the criteria of temporal decomposition. For this reason, links between structured elements should be established to keep track of changes over time. Moreover, only the current state can be reconstructed in a rigorous way using a combination of different 3D measurement techniques (such as laser scanning and photogrammetry); on the contrary, knowledge about past states is conditioned by missing elements, whose morphology and dating can reveal uncertain. For this reason, this paper describes a methodological approach to make use of the existing iconographic corpus for the analysis and the 3D management of building transformations. The aim is to establish a relation between the iconography used for the hypothetical reconstruction and the 3D representation that depends on it. As a result, 3D representations can be used like visualization systems capable of reflecting the amount of knowledge produced studying historic buildings