https://sam.ensam.eu:443 The DSpace digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Thu, 12 Mar 2026 13:40:43 GMT 2026-03-12T13:40:43Z http://hdl.handle.net/10985/16155 Torque Optimization of a Seven-Phase Bi-harmonic PMSM in Healthy and Degraded Mode ZHANG, Hao; ZHAO, Benteng; GONG, Jinlin; XU, Yanliang; VU, Duc Tan; SEMAIL, Eric; DOS SANTOS MORAES, Tiago José; NGUYEN, Ngac Ky Compared to sinusoidal machines, a bi-harmonic machine (with only two harmonics of similar value in the electromotive force spectrum) can develop torque of comparable values under three kinds of supply: with only first or both first and third sinusoidal currents. Therefore, more degrees of freedom for the control of the machine can be achieved. In this paper, the specificities of a 7-phase bi-harmonic permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) are investigated under different control strategies, such as maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) at low speed and fluxweakening strategies at high speed, both in healthy and faulty operation modes. The fault with one open-circuited phase are taken into account. The current references are calculated in order to maximize the output torque under the constraint on both voltage and current. The performances of the considered machine is validated by numerical results. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/16155 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z ZHANG, Hao ZHAO, Benteng GONG, Jinlin XU, Yanliang VU, Duc Tan SEMAIL, Eric DOS SANTOS MORAES, Tiago José NGUYEN, Ngac Ky Compared to sinusoidal machines, a bi-harmonic machine (with only two harmonics of similar value in the electromotive force spectrum) can develop torque of comparable values under three kinds of supply: with only first or both first and third sinusoidal currents. Therefore, more degrees of freedom for the control of the machine can be achieved. In this paper, the specificities of a 7-phase bi-harmonic permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) are investigated under different control strategies, such as maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) at low speed and fluxweakening strategies at high speed, both in healthy and faulty operation modes. The fault with one open-circuited phase are taken into account. The current references are calculated in order to maximize the output torque under the constraint on both voltage and current. The performances of the considered machine is validated by numerical results. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15501 Fault Tolerant 7-phase Hybrid Excitation Permanent Magnet Machine ZHAO, Benteng; GONG, Jinlin; VU, DUC TAN; SEMAIL, Eric; NGUYEN, Ngac Ky This paper presents a novel 7-phase hybrid excitation permanent magnet (HEPM) machine with three rotors around one stator. Two rotors with PMs axially magnetized and the third rotor with PMs radially magnetized. Thanks to the addition of the third rotor, the inactive end-windings in the configuration with two rotors are then becoming active with a contribution to the torque with an increase of 30%. The impact of the third rotor on the torque density and on the pulsating torques is presented. The fault-tolerant characteristics of the proposed machine are also presented, which proves the interests of this machine for low speed applications. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/15501 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z ZHAO, Benteng GONG, Jinlin VU, DUC TAN SEMAIL, Eric NGUYEN, Ngac Ky This paper presents a novel 7-phase hybrid excitation permanent magnet (HEPM) machine with three rotors around one stator. Two rotors with PMs axially magnetized and the third rotor with PMs radially magnetized. Thanks to the addition of the third rotor, the inactive end-windings in the configuration with two rotors are then becoming active with a contribution to the torque with an increase of 30%. The impact of the third rotor on the torque density and on the pulsating torques is presented. The fault-tolerant characteristics of the proposed machine are also presented, which proves the interests of this machine for low speed applications. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/23049 Quantitative Comparisons of Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Machines of Different Structures/Phases for In-Wheel Electrical Vehicle Application GONG, Jinlin; ZHAO, Benteng; HUANG, Youxi; SEMAIL, Eric; NGUYEN, Ngac Ky As one of the key components, low-speed direct-drive in-wheel machines with high compact volume and high torque density are important for the traction system of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper introduces four different types of outer-rotor permanent magnet motors for EVs, including one five-phase SPM machine, one three-phase IPM machine with V-shaped PMs, one seven-phase axial flux machine (AFM) of sandwich structure and finally one hybrid flux (radial and axial) machine with a third rotor with V-shaped PMs added to the AFM. Firstly, the design criteria and basic operation principle are compared and discussed. Then, the key properties are analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The electromagnetic properties of the four fractional slot tooth concentrated winding in-wheel motors with similar dimensions are quantitatively compared, including air-gap flux density, electromotive force, field weakening capability, torque density, losses, and fault tolerant capability. The results show that the multi-phase motors have high torque density and high fault tolerance and are suitable for direct drive applications in EVs. Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/23049 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z GONG, Jinlin ZHAO, Benteng HUANG, Youxi SEMAIL, Eric NGUYEN, Ngac Ky As one of the key components, low-speed direct-drive in-wheel machines with high compact volume and high torque density are important for the traction system of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper introduces four different types of outer-rotor permanent magnet motors for EVs, including one five-phase SPM machine, one three-phase IPM machine with V-shaped PMs, one seven-phase axial flux machine (AFM) of sandwich structure and finally one hybrid flux (radial and axial) machine with a third rotor with V-shaped PMs added to the AFM. Firstly, the design criteria and basic operation principle are compared and discussed. Then, the key properties are analyzed using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The electromagnetic properties of the four fractional slot tooth concentrated winding in-wheel motors with similar dimensions are quantitatively compared, including air-gap flux density, electromotive force, field weakening capability, torque density, losses, and fault tolerant capability. The results show that the multi-phase motors have high torque density and high fault tolerance and are suitable for direct drive applications in EVs. http://hdl.handle.net/10985/24708 Seven-phase Axial And Radial Flux In-wheel Machine With Three Active Air Gaps GONG, Jinlin; ZHAO, Benteng; TAN, Fei; SEMAIL, Eric; NGUYEN, Ngac Ky; BRACIKOWSKI, Nicolas For in-wheel machine, outer rotor machines appear as a natural solution. Practically these machines are either radial-flux with one rotor or axial-flux with two rotors. The paper is proposing a machine with three outer rotors with two different polarities in order to reduce useless end-windings while keeping an acceptable thickness for the radial-flux rotor and high torque quality. This Hybrid Flux Permanent Magnet original structure (named HFPM) is possible thanks to the use of seven phases. The third rotor can be considered as an option of an initial double-rotor axial-flux machine in order to increase the torque density. First, the machine structure and the winding design are presented; then, based on 3D finite element method, comparison between the two machines, with two or three rotors, are provided in terms of torque densities and qualities. Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10985/24708 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z GONG, Jinlin ZHAO, Benteng TAN, Fei SEMAIL, Eric NGUYEN, Ngac Ky BRACIKOWSKI, Nicolas For in-wheel machine, outer rotor machines appear as a natural solution. Practically these machines are either radial-flux with one rotor or axial-flux with two rotors. The paper is proposing a machine with three outer rotors with two different polarities in order to reduce useless end-windings while keeping an acceptable thickness for the radial-flux rotor and high torque quality. This Hybrid Flux Permanent Magnet original structure (named HFPM) is possible thanks to the use of seven phases. The third rotor can be considered as an option of an initial double-rotor axial-flux machine in order to increase the torque density. First, the machine structure and the winding design are presented; then, based on 3D finite element method, comparison between the two machines, with two or three rotors, are provided in terms of torque densities and qualities.