Bayesian estimates of parameter variability in the k − ε turbulence model

Abstract

In this paper we are concerned with obtaining estimates for the error in Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations based on the Launder-Sharma k−ε turbulence closure model, for a limited class of flows. In particular we search for estimates grounded in uncertainties in the space of model closure coeffi-cients, for wall-bounded flows at a variety of favourable and adverse pressure gradients. In order to estimate the spread of closure coefficients which repro-duces these flows accurately, we perform 13 separate Bayesian calibrations – each at a different pressure gradient – using measured boundary-layer velocity profiles, and a statistical model containing a multiplicative model inadequacy term in the solution space. The results are 13 joint posterior distributions over coefficients and hyper-parameters. To summarize this information we compute Highest Posterior-Density (HPD) intervals, and subsequently represent the to-tal solution uncertainty with a probability-box (p-box). This p-box represents both parameter variability across flows, and epistemic uncertainty within each calibration. A prediction of a new boundary-layer flow is made with uncer-tainty bars generated from this uncertainty information, and the resulting error estimate is shown to be consistent with measurement data.