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On the origin of the high tensile strength and ductility of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel: Multiscale investigation

Type
Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture
Author
BARKIA, Bassem
AUBRY, Pascal
HAGHI-ASHTIANI, Paul
1332 Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux [MSSMat]
AUGER, Thierry
86289 Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [PIMM]
GOSMAIN, Lionel
1332 Laboratoire de mécanique des sols, structures et matériaux [MSSMat]
SCHUSTER, Frédéric
MASKROT, Hicham

URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10985/18601
DOI
10.1016/j.jmst.2019.09.017
Date
2020
Journal
Journal of Materials Science and Technology

Abstract

We report that 316L austenitic stainless steel fabricated by direct laser deposition (DLD), an additive manufacturing (AM) process, have a higher yield strength than that of conventional 316L while keeping high ductility. More interestingly, no clear anisotropy in tensile properties was observed between the building and the scanning direction of the 3D printed steel. Metallographic examination of the as-built parts shows a heterogeneous solidification cellular microstructure. Transmission electron microscopy observations coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) reveal the presence of chemical micro-segregation correlated with high dislocation density at cell boundaries as well as the in-situ formation of well-dispersed oxides and transition-metal-rich precipitates. The hierarchical heterogeneous microstructure in the AM parts induces excellent strength of the 316L stainless steel while the low staking fault energy of the as-built 316L promotes the occurrence of abundant deformation twinning, in the origin of the high ductility of the AM steel. Without additional post-process treatments, the AM 316L proves that it can be used as a structural material or component for repair in mechanical construction.

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