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Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Gas/Powder Flow for Different LMD Nozzles

Article dans une revue avec comité de lecture
Author
FERREIRA, Elise
COLIN, Christophe
1157 Centre des Matériaux [MAT]
MARION, Guillaume
300457 SAFRAN Group
GORNY, Cyril
1157 Centre des Matériaux [MAT]
COURAPIED, Damien
300457 SAFRAN Group
GUY, Jason
1157 Centre des Matériaux [MAT]
PEYRE, Patrice
ccDAL, Morgan
86289 Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [PIMM]

URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10985/19445
DOI
10.3390/met10050667
Date
2020
Journal
Metals

Abstract

The Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) process is an additive manufacturing method, which generates 3D structures through the interaction of a laser beam and a gas/powder stream. The stream diameter, surface density and focal plan position affect the size, efficiency and regularity of the deposit tracks. Therefore, a precise knowledge of the gas/powder streams characteristics is essential to control the process and improve its reliability and reproducibly for industrial applications. This paper proposes multiple experimental techniques, such as gas pressure measurement, optical and weighting methods, to analyze the gas and particle velocity, the powder stream diameter, its focal plan position and density. This was carried out for three nozzle designs and multiple gas and powder flow rates conditions. The results reveal that (1) the particle stream follows a Gaussian distribution while the gas velocity field is closer to a top hat one; (2) axial, carrier and shaping gas flow significantly impact the powder stream’s focal plan position; (3) only shaping gas, powder flow rates and nozzle design impact the powder stream diameter. 2D axisymmetric models of the gas and powder streams with RANS turbulent model are then performed on each of the three nozzles and highlight good agreements with experimental results but an over-estimation of the gas velocity by pressure measurements.

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