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Experimental analysis of spatter generation and melt-pool behavior during the powder bed laser beam melting process

Article dans une revue sans comité de lecture
Author
GUNENTHIRAM, V
ccPEYRE, Patrice
ccSCHNEIDER, Matthieu
COSTE, Frédéric
FABBRO, Rémy
ccDAL, Morgan
86289 Laboratoire Procédés et Ingénierie en Mécanique et Matériaux [PIMM]
ccKOUTIRI, Imade

URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10985/13281
DOI
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.08.012
Date
2018
Journal
Journal of Materials Processing Technology

Abstract

The experimental analysis of spatter formation was carried out on an instrumented SLM set-up allowing the quantification of spatter ejections and possible correlation with melt-pool behavior. Considering nearly similar SLM conditions than those carried out on SLM machines, an increase of large spatters (>80 μm) with volume energy density (VED) was clearly demonstrated on a 316L stainless steel, which was attributed to the recoil pressure applied on the melt-pool by the metal vaporization and the resulting high velocity vapor plume. In a second step, much lower spattering was shown on Al-12Si powder beds than on 316L ones. Fast camera analysis of powder beds indicated that droplet formation was mostly initiated in the powder-bed near the melt-pool interface. On Al-12 Si alloys, such droplets were directly incorporated in the MP without being ejected upwards as spatters like on 316L. Last, it was shown that a strong reduction of spattering was possible even on 316L, with the use of low VED combined with larger spots (≈0.5 mm), allowing to melt sufficiently deep layers in conduction regime and ensure adequate dilution between layers.

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