Variation analyses of extractive contents by NIR-spectroscopy bring out the differences between agroforestry and forestry walnut (Juglans regia × nigra) trees

Abstract

Wood characteristics of trees grown in agroforestry systems are little studied, even if growth conditions are different from conventional stands. This work aimed to determine the impact of the agroforestry system on the heartwood formation process of hybrid walnut (Juglans regia × nigra) trees, especially the resulting extractive contents. Ethanol and water extractions were successively performed on wood samples taken across the diameter of the trunk of agroforestry (AF) and forest (FC) walnut trees to get the radial distribution of the extractive contents. All the samples were analyzed by NIR-spectroscopy and NIR-hyperspectral imaging. Statistical discriminant models were developed to classify the samples from both different forestry systems, according to their chemical composition. The results indicated no significant differences between the values of extractive contents of AF and FC walnut woods, whatever the radial position. At the intra-tree scale, the quantity of extractives does not increase significantly with the radial position. However, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) regression models, developed with NIRS measurements, showed that significant chemical differences exist between AF and FC trees, especially for extractives composition and lignin content. This allowed to classify wood specimens from both forestry systems. These results were confirmed by hyperspectral camera analyses.