Background: Advances in prosthetic technology, especially microprocessor-controlled knees (MPKs), have helped enhance gait symmetry and reduce fall risks for individuals who have undergone transfemoral amputation. However, ...

Background At equivalent speeds, above-knee amputee subjects have a higher metabolic cost than non-amputees. Following amputation, the ankle propulsion is reduced, and using other joints to compensate is mechanically less ...

The contact between the tool and the workpiece/chip in metal cutting is complex, resulting in high local temperatures and stresses, which may cause severe tool wear and failure. Developments in cryogenic-assisted machining ...