Study of the hot forging of weld cladded work pieces using upsetting tests

Abstract

This paper focuses on the hot forging of multi-material cladded work pieces using upsetting tests. Thecase study corresponds to gas metal arc welding cladding of a SS316L on a mild steel (C15). Experimentaltests and simulations using a slab model and the finite element method were performed using differenttemperatures and die/billet tribological conditions. As a result, a crack mode, specific to clad billets, wasobserved experimentally and can be predicted by the FE method using a Latham and Cockcroft criterion.The material distribution was well simulated by the FE method; in particular, the effects of the frictionat die/work piece interface on the crack occurrence, the material distribution and, to a lesser extent,the forging load are well predicted. However, the latter was underestimated, highlighting the fact thatthe effect of the dilution associated with the cladding process on the material behavior of the clad layercannot be neglected.